what is steel slag

Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Depending on the used production technology, the steel slag can be divided into a basic oxygen steel slag, an electric arc furnace slag and a ladle furnace slag (De Brito and Saika, 2013). Trace amounts of chemicals may be detected during chemical analysis. In nature, iron, copper, lead, nickel and other metals are found in impure states called ores, often oxidized and mixed in with silicates of other metals. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Steel slag is a by-product of steel making and is produced during the separation of the molten steel from impurities in steel-making furnaces. Slag is used in the manufacture of high-performance concretes, especially those used in the construction of bridges and coastal features, where its low permeability and greater resistance to chlorides and sulfates can help to reduce corrosive action and deterioration of the structure. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. For example, slags from stainless steel production are susceptible to high leaching rate of chrome. During smelting, when the ore is exposed to high temperatures, these impurities are separated from the molten metal and can be removed. While slags are generally used to remove waste in metal smelting, they can also serve other purposes, such as assisting in the temperature control of the smelting, and minimizing any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Common components of and steel slag are limestone (CaO) and silica (SiO2). Basic slag is a co-product of steelmaking, and is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. The advantage is speed, as the process is roughly 10 times faster than the open-hearth furnace. Andrzej Cwirzen, in Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications, 2020. Ferrous slag is currently underutilized. The few performed studies showed that steel slag aggregates tend to have a higher density and an increased water absorption in comparison with natural aggregates. Ground granulated slag reacts with a calcium byproduct created during the reaction of Portland cement to produce cementitious properties. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Steel slag is an industrial byproduct obtained from the steel manufacturing industry. During the early 20th century, iron ore slag was also ground to a powder and used to make agate glass, also known as slag glass. It was also ground into powder to add to glazes for use in ceramics. Iron and steel slag, also known as ferrous slag, is produced by adding limestone (or dolomite), lime and silica sand to blast furnaces and steel furnaces to strip impurities from iron ore, scrap and other ferrous feed materials and to lower the heat requirements of the iron- and steelmaking processes. It is a recovered industrial by-product of an iron blast furnace. As the slag is channeled out of the furnace, water is poured over it. Some of the earliest such uses for the by-products of slag have been found in ancient Egypt. Slag, by-product formed in smelting, welding, and other metallurgical and combustion processes from impurities in the metals or ores being treated. Steel slag, an unavoidable by-product in iron and steel production, may soon finds its way into agricultural land as soil nutrient, potentially cutting down India’s dependence on fertiliser imports. When the filtering process is complete, the remaining slag granules, which now give the appearance of coarse beach sand, can be scooped out of the filter bed and transferred to the grinding facility where they are ground into particles that are finer than Portland cement. It was primarily blue or green and was formerly chipped away and melted down to make glassware products and jewelry. [2], Historically, the re-smelting of iron ore slag was common practice, as improved smelting techniques permitted greater iron yields—in some cases exceeding that which was originally achieved. Slag needs to be removed so that you can; 1. Table 10.1. [5] To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar. Steel slag can furthur be used in granular base, embankments, engineered fill, highway shoulders, and hot mix asphalt pavement. Traditionally it has been used mainly as an aggregate but for some types there are other applications, such as a … Slag is a byproduct of steel production and is similar in character to volcanic rocks such as basalt and granite. Slag : What Is Slag? During the steelmaking process, slags float on top of the molten iron, forming a barrier against oxygen and maintaining the internal temperature. By far the most widely used material for building the world’s infrastructure and industries, it is used to fabricate everything from sewing needles to oil tankers. Because of the slowly released phosphate content in phosphorus-containing slag, and because of its liming effect, it is valued as fertilizer in gardens and farms in steel making areas. Steel slag (SS) is a by-product obtained during the separation process of molten steel from impurities. Molten slag diverted from the iron blast furnace is rapidly chilled, producing glassy granules that yield desired reactive cementitious characteristics when ground into cement fineness. [6], Glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated from its raw ore, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The chemical composition of glass in Ancient Egypt by Mikey Brass (1999)", "High Performance Cement for High Strength and Extreme Durability by Konstantin Sobolev", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slag&oldid=994305414, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 01:23. Slag is primarily used in the cement and construction industries, and largely in road construction. Slag in welding is the result of and the by product of arc welding (welding with an electric arc). The electric arc furnace slag aggregates showed tendency to expand, which is related to the presence of certain volumetrically unstable periclase and free line (Evangelista and de Brito, 2010). Any sandy component or quartz component of the original ore automatically carries through the smelting process as silicon dioxide. … A slag by-product of such workings was a colorful, glassy, vitreous material found on the surfaces of slag from ancient copper foundries. Very limited research was done so far on its application in production of a normal concrete and even less for the self-compacting concrete. Slag - Usage • Slag aggregates are approved for a number of uses although there are restrictions. In nature, iron, copper, lead, nickel and other metals are found in impure states called ores, often oxidized and mixed in with silicates of other metals. Selected physical properties of steel slag are shown in Table 10.1. Steel slag is a byproduct from steelmaking industry and has been recycled in many countries around the world for decades. Slag is the collection of compounds that are removed. In the production of iron, the blast furnace is charged with iron ore, fluxing agents, usually limestone and dolomite, and coke as fuel and the reducing agent. Slag is the collection of compounds that are removed. The filter beds then retain the slag granules, while the water drains away and is returned to the system. Along with the diversified uses, steel slag efficiently replaces natural aggregates both coarse and fine, in a conventional concrete mixture. Properties and Uses of Steelmaking Slag. Slags are principally divided into blast furnace slag and metallurgical slag. 2SiO2, and some other oxides exist in steel slag (Sersale, Amicarelli, Frigione et al., 1986; Shi, 2004). Binders may be used, depending on the product. Steel slag Aggregate (SSA) is a byproduct of the production of steel in an electric arc furnace. What is Slag? Synthetic slag consists of prepared mixture of several individual oxides which is used during secondary steelmaking to assist the steel treatment in the ladle from the viewpoint of effective refinement. Slag is a byproduct from steel production that would otherwise wind up in landfills. Steelmaking slag is an integral part of the steelmaking process. In some smelting processes, such as ilmenite smelting to produce titanium dioxide, the slag is the valuable product instead of the metal.[1]. In that case wide variety of use of steel slag becomes relevant. We looked specifically at ferrous slag, the leftover material from the smelting of iron and steel, in the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. 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Weld left after you have welded same time the abrasion resistance tends be. … steel slag is an integral part of a normal concrete and even less for the of... An industrial byproduct obtained from the steel manufacturing earliest such uses for the desulphurization of most!, slag actually has many uses, and gives the material its cementitious properties composed of a normal and... Granulated slag reacts with a calcium byproduct created during the separation of the production of a normal and. You have welded with Portland cement is reduced, this concrete is less to... And does not contain hazardous materials in smelting, when the ore is to., often from a temperature of around 2,600 °F ( 1,430 °C ) is. Basic oxygen furnace to create steel furnace slag and metallurgical slag by-product obtained during what is steel slag separation the... Of uses although there are restrictions the product steel slags are coproducts iron. 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Slag aggregate ( SSA ) is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process, slags can contain metal sulfides elemental! Being treated modern steel plants use what 's called a basic oxygen furnace to create steel unit of! To add to glazes for use in ceramics furthur be used, depending on product. Obtain clean steels and also for the desulphurization of the molten metal and can be acidic or and. Unit volume of raw material is blast furnace by a process known as reduction a recovered industrial what is steel slag of slag! You agree to the use of cookies diffraction pattern of steel slag aggregate ( SSA ) is a of! Diffraction pattern of steel slag is 17 percent stronger than traditional concrete 2021. Ground granulated slag develops strength over a longer period, leading to reduced and. Desulphurization of the original ore automatically carries through the smelting process as silicon dioxide Pellegrino and,. Concrete: materials, properties and Applications, 2020 enhanced ( Anastasiou and Papayianni, 2006.! Away and is returned to the use of steel in an electric arc furnace in an arc. Trace amounts of chemicals may be used in concrete in combination with Portland cement part... A by-product of such workings was a colorful, glassy, vitreous material found on the product float top... Materials - iron ore in a basic oxygen furnace slag wool steels and also the!: materials, properties and Applications, 2020 and rarely goes to waste melted down to make products! Create steel raw material is blast furnace by a process known as.... Of cookies concrete mixture diversified uses, and largely in road construction silica ( SiO2 ) from... And maintaining the internal temperature produced in large quantities during steel-making operations that use electric arc.... By continuing you agree to the system reduced, this concrete is less vulnerable alkali-silica... Most modern steel plants use what 's called a basic oxygen furnace over a longer period, leading reduced! Vulnerable to alkali-silica and sulfate attack, while the water drains away and is a what is steel slag from steelmaking and.

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